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Nader Engheta ((ペルシア語:نادر انقطاع)) (born 1955 in Tehran) is an Iranian-American scientist. He has made contributions to the fields of metamaterials, transformation optics, plasmonic optics, nanophotonics, graphene photonics, nano-materials, nanoscale optics, nanoantennas and miniaturized antennas, physics and reverse-engineering of polarization vision in nature, bio-inspired optical imaging, fractional paradigm in electrodynamics, and electromagnetics and microwaves.〔University of Pennsylvania. (ScholarlyCommons: Repository. Author Nader Engheta. )〕〔(Research Interests ). University of Pennsylvania. February 2011.〕 == Background == He earned his Masters and PhD degrees from the California Institute of Technology, and his B.S. degree from the school of engineering (Fanni) of the University of Tehran. He is the originator of the new area of optical metatronics, i.e., metamaterial-based optical nano circuitry, in which properly designed nano structures function as "lumped' optical circuit elements such as optical capacitors, optical inductors and optical resistors.〔N. Engheta, "Circuits with Light at Nanoscales: Optical Nanocircuits Inspired by Metamaterials”, ''Science'', Vol. 317, pp. 1698–1702, September 21, 2007〕〔N. Engheta, "Taming Light at the Nanoscale,” ''Physics World'' , Vol. 23, No. 9, pp. 31-34, September 2010〕〔N. Engheta, A. Salandrino, A. Alu, “Circuit Elements at Optical Frequencies: Nanoinductor, Nanocapacitor, and Nanoresistor,” ''Physical Review Letters'', Vol. 95, 095504, August 26, 2005〕 These are the building blocks for the metatronic circuits operating with light. This concept has been recently verified and realized experimentally by him and his research group at the University of Pennsylvania.〔Y. Sun, B. Edwards, A. Alu, and N. Engheta, “Experimental Realization of Optical Lumped Nanocircuit Elements at Infrared Wavelengths,” ''Nature Materials'', Vol. 11, pp. 208-212, March 2012〕 This provides a new circuit paradigm for information processing at the nanoscale. He and his group have developed several areas and concepts in the fields of metamaterials and plasmonic optics, including, (1) ‘extreme-parameter metamaterials’ and 'epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterials';〔M. G. Silveirinha and N. Engheta, “Tunneling of Electromagnetic Energy through Sub-Wavelength Channels and Bends Using Epsilon-Near-Zero (ENZ) Materials,” Physical Review Letters, 97, 157403, October 2006〕 (2) the concept of Omega structures, as one of the building blocks of structured materials,;〔M. M. I. Saadoun and N. Engheta, "A Reciprocal Phase Shifter Using Novel Pseudochiral or omega medium," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 184-188, April 1992〕〔M. M. I. Saadoun and N. Engheta, "Theoretical Study of Electromagnetic Properties of Non-Local Omega Media" a chapter in Progress in Electromagnetics Research (PIER) Monograph Series, Vol. 9 on Bianisotropic and Bi-Isotropic Media and Applications, Alain Priou (ed.), December 1994, ch. 15, pp. 351-397〕 (3) ultrathin cavities and waveguides, with sizes beyond diffraction limits, providing possibilities for unprecedented miniaturization of devices;〔N. Engheta, “An Idea for Thin, Subwavelength Cavity Resonators Using Metamaterials with Negative Permittivity and Permeability,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters. Vol. 1, pp. 10-13, 2002〕 (4) supercoupling phenomena between waveguides using low-permittivity ENZ metamaterials,;〔B. Edwards, A. Alu, M. Young, M. Silveirinha, and N. Engheta, “Experimental Verification of Epsilon-Near-Zero Metamaterial Coupling and Energy Squeezing Using a Microwave Waveguide”, Physical Review Letters, 100, 033903, January 25, 2008〕〔B. Edwards, A. Alu, M. Silveirinha and N. Engheta, “Reflectionless Sharp Bends and Corners in Waveguides Using Epsilon-Near-Zero Effects,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 105, 044905, February 18, 2009〕 (5) extended Purcell effects in nano-optics using the ENZ phenomena, in which enhanced photon density of states occurs in a relatively large area with essentially uniform phase;〔A. Alu and N. Engheta, “Boosting Molecular Fluorescence with a Plasmonic Nanolauncher,” Physical Review Letters, 103, 043902, July 21, 2009〕 (6) far-field subwavelength imaging lens based on ENZ hyperbolic metamaterials;〔A. Salandrino and N. Engheta, “Far-Field Subdiffraction Optical Microscopy Using Metamaterial Crystals: Theory and Simulations,” Physical Review B, Vol. 74, 075103, August 2006〕 (7) scattering-cancellation-based plasmonic cloaking and transparency,;〔A. Alu and N. Engheta, “Achieving Transparency with Metamaterial and Plasmonic Coatings,” Physical Review E, vol. 72, 016623, 2005〕〔B. Edwards, A. Alu, M. Silveirinha, and N. Engheta, “Experimental Verification of Plasmonic Cloaking at Microwave Frequencies with Metamaterials,” Physical Review Letters, 103, 153901, October 6, 2009〕 (8) merging the field of graphene with the field of metamaterials and plasmonic optics in infrared regime, providing the roadmaps for one-atom-thick optical devices and one-atom-thick information processing,;〔A. Vakil and N. Engheta, “Transformation Optics Using Graphene,” Science, Vol. 332, pp. 1291–1294, June 10, 2011〕〔A. Vakil, N. Engheta, “Fourier Optics on Graphene,” Physical Review B, 85, 075434, February 27, 2012〕 (9) microwave artificial chirality;〔N. Engheta and P. Pelet, "Modes in Chirowaveguides," Optics Letters, Vol. 14, No. 11, 593-595, June 1989〕 (10) “signal-processing” metamaterials and “meta-machine”, and (11) “digital” metamaterials. He is currently the H. Nedwill Ramsey Professor at the University of Pennsylvania,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=9/27/05, Ramsey Professor of Electrical & Systems Engineering – Almanac, Vol. 52, No. 5 )〕 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, affiliated with the departments of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Bioengineering, and Physics and Astronomy. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nader Engheta」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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